Any etymologists in the house?
I am told that the origin of the doun~ element in the place name Dounreay is not what might first spring to mind (from the Gaelic dún, as a reference to the castle) but from down, and that the Post Office near the site even had a "Down Reay" sign until comparitively recently. Born and bred Caithnesians I've discussed this with (I'm a comparitive white settler, from Ross-shire) say that locally the area has "always" been known as "down reay". I had thought that maybe originally the place was named in Gaelic from the castle, the dún at Reay, which then became corrupted into meaning "down reay" purely as a result of the similarity of the two local pronunciations - although, of course, Gaelic placenames aren't that prevalent in Caithness. The earliest placename reference I've been able to find online (without, admittedly, looking too hard yet) is Robert Gordon's map of Caithness, dated 1642, which depicts Dounrae as a castle. However, I'm reasonably sure that one of Pont's maps (from before 1590) depicts it as possibly under construction, and labelled Dounrae. So it seems like the name "Dounreay" is at least half a millenium old, and predates the castle.
Could anybody cast any light on this? Any ideas when the name "Dounreay" is first attested to, and what language the populace would have been speaking at the time (Norn, Gaelic or Scots/English?). Did it indeed originally refer to a dún in the area? There are two probable brochs immediately adjacent to the Dounreay nuclear site, and several more within a couple of square miles that could serve as candidates.
This is far from important, it's just something I'm curious about, but any information would be gratefully received.